2023年长治市居民气候变化健康素养水平及影响因素分析

目的 了解山西省长治市居民气候变化健康素养水平并分析其影响因素,旨在为相关部门气候政策规划提供参考依据。方法 2023年10月对长治市街道/乡镇进行聚类分析后,在"中等人口密度-中等植被覆盖层"中随机选取长治市某社区开展气候变化健康素养问卷调查(包含208位常住居民)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析居民气候变化健康素养水平及影响因素。结果 2023年长治市居民气候变化健康素养水平为36.1%,三个维度中,气候变化基本知识素养水平为38.9%,应对气候变化防护与行动素养水平为27.4%,绿色低碳生活方式素养水平为25.5%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=12.27,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,家庭年收入较多、家庭同住人数少、听说过"碳达峰、碳中和"、愿意了解气候变化的成因和减缓措施以及气候变化对健康影响和适应预防措施的居民具备气候变化健康素养的概率较高,OR值分别为6.68(95%CI:2.08~21.53)、61.30(95%CI:16.72~224.79)、6.07(95%CI:1.46~25.17)、9.35(95%CI:2.72~32.15)、7.21(95%CI:2.29~22.69)。此外,长治市居民气候变化相关信息获取途径与期望获取途径均以网络(实际渠道占比56.7%,期望渠道占比47.6%)为主。结论 长治市居民对气候变化的关注度与参与意愿较高,但对气候变化相关知识的认知以及气候变化健康素养水平仍有待提升。建议通过政策激励、多渠道宣传等策略提升居民气候变化健康素养,为推动我国绿色低碳转型提供强大的民意基础。

Objective To investigate the climate change health literacy level of residents in Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, analyze its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for climate policy planning by relevant departments. Methods After a cluster analysis of streets/towns in Changzhi in October 2023, a community of 208 permanent residents with medium population density and medium vegetation cover was randomly selected to conduct a climate change health literacy questionnaire survey. The climate change health literacy level and influencing factors were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The climate change health literacy level of Changzhi residents in 2023 was 36.1%. Among the three dimensions, the level of basic knowledge of climate change was 38.9%, the level of climate change protection and action literacy was 27.4%, and the level of green and low-carbon lifestyle literacy was 25.5%, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=12.27, P<0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of possessing climate change health literacy was relatively high among residents with high annual household income, few cohabiting family members, having heard of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, willing to learn about the causes of climate change and mitigation measures, and willing to learn about the impacts of climate change on health and adaptive preventive measures, with the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) being 6.68 (2.08-21.53), 61.30 (16.72-224.79), 6.07 (1.46-25.17), 9.35 (2.72-32.15), and 7.21 (2.29-22.69), respectively. In addition, both the actual and preferred channels for obtaining climate change-related information among Changzhi residents were primarily the Internet (56.7% for actual channel and 47.6% for desired channel). Conclusion Residents of Changzhi have high levels of concern about climate change and willingness to participate in climate protection, but the awareness of climate change-related knowledge and the level of climate change health literacy still need to be improved. It is recommended to improve their climate change health literacy through strategies such as policy incentives and multi-channel publicity, so as to provide a strong public opinion base for promoting the green and low-carbon transformation in China.

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