optimum conditions

In order to explore the optimum condition of transition of Pb, the transfer behavior of Pb through the emulsion liquid membrane system of TBP-Span80-atoleine-kerosene was studied. The study analyzed the effect of Pb transport rate of membrane phase component, pH values in external aqueous phase, acidness in internal aqueous phase, rew and concentration of metal ions in external aqueous phase. In the case of the optimal technological conditions, the waste water of Pb, Cu and Ni was treated.

为了探求乳化液膜法迁移铅Pb(Ⅱ的最佳条件，采用磷酸三丁酯－Span80-液体石蜡－煤油乳化液膜体系研究了Pb的迁移行为，探讨了膜相组成、外水相pH、内水相酸度、乳水比、Pb起始浓度对Pb迁移率的影响，确定了最佳迁移条件，并在此条件下对含Pb、Cu和Ni废水进行了处理。

The results show that this strain was a typical acidophile with optimal growth pH being 2.0 for hypha and pH 3.0-4.0 for the spore germination. Peptone was the most suitable nitrogen source which helped produce xylanase induced by xylan during stationary phase. The resultant xylanase reacted best at 50℃-55℃ and pH 3.5, and had activities 70% after 60 min maintenance under optimum reaction conditions.

结果表明：实验菌株嗜酸，菌丝生长最适pH为2.0，孢子萌发生长适宜pH为3.0-4.0；木聚糖诱导菌体在生长稳定期大量产生木聚糖酶，蛋白胨是菌体产酶的适宜氮源；菌株所产木聚糖酶属于酸性木聚糖酶，反应最适pH3.5、最适温度50℃-55℃，在最适反应条件下保温60min，残余酶活仍接近70%，适用于较强酸性的高温加工环境。

The optimum conditions of acyl chlorination and esterification were investigated as follows: molar ratio of DPR to PCl3 1∶0.33, reaction temperature 50℃ and reaction time 3 h.

实验结果表明：温度对于DPR酰氯化反应的影响较小；而原料物质的量之比对反应程度的影响较大，PCl3用量的增加有利于反应程度的增加。

At present the mechanism of endangered species mostly confined to the morphology point of view, few physiological point of view of ecology, the lotus leaf fern Adiantum growth conditions of the study also stay in more qualitative analysis, there are few quantitative analysis of its optimum growth environment , The experimental use of morphological and physiological ecology of the idea and will use the components of the research methods, to be a long time to further explore their own independent development of plant taxonomy, morphology, physiology, ecology and other subjects the intrinsic link between , With a view to a new high on the survival of endangered species, adaptation and evolutionary mechanism.

目前对物种濒危机理的研究大都局限在形态学角度，很少有生理生态学角度的研究，对于荷叶铁线蕨生长条件的研究也多停留在定性分析上，很少有定量分析其最适生长环境，本实验采用形态学与生理生态学结合的思想，并将采用构件理论的研究方法，拟进一步探讨长期以来各自独立发展的植物分类学、形态学、生理学、生态学等学科之间的内在联系，以期能在一个新的高度上探讨濒危物种的生存、适应对策和进化机制。

This study will be mainly through potted lotus leaf fern Adiantum seedlings and wire division to transplant fern, and then through the different light intensity and moisture content of the orthogonal to quantitative research lotus leaf fern Adiantum optimum growing conditions, and through Transplant Research Laboratory test pilot of the two species, competition between species to find lotus leaf fern Adiantum way to protect endangered mechanism and provide a theoretical basis.

本研究主要通过盆栽将荷叶铁线蕨的幼苗与铁线蕨进行分株移植，再通过在不同光照强度和水分含量的正交实验来定量研究荷叶铁线蕨最适生长条件，并且通过实验室移栽试试验探究两物种之的种内，种间竞争关系为寻找荷叶铁线蕨濒危机理和保护途径提供理论依据。

Based on mechanism and vehicle theories theoretical analysis is pursued and normal driving conditions are put forward. The relations are analyzed between load distribution and power consumption. Mechanical formula is proposed. Furthermore in this paper the theoretical model of the total power consumption is established, and the relations of the total minimized power consumption with the air-cushion pressure and the fan revolution are discussed. The optimum operation point is put forward. The dynamic digital simulation studies are carried out on the operating procedure of the half-track air-cushion vehicle on soft terrain. Mechanical parameters and soil mechanics characteristics affecting vehicle power consumption and riding performance are analyzed. At the same time according to the model formula, the automation control problem is discussed. It is a theoretical instruction for further automation control.

本文还从力学和车辆原理的角度进行了理论分析，推导了半履带式气垫车的需求功率及正常行驶条件，研究了气垫压力和功率消耗之间的关系，提出了力学模型公式；建立了半履带式气垫车总功率消耗的理论模型，研究了最小功率消耗时功率与垫压及表征气垫车行驶状态的各参数的关系，分析了相应的影响因素，并提出了最佳工作状态的定义；同时进行了半履带式气垫车在软地面的行驶过程的动态数字仿真试验研究工作，对影响车辆功率消耗和行驶平顺性的各力学参数和土壤参数进行了分析，得到了各运行状态参数的变化规律，验证了最佳工作状态和最佳垫压的理论，根据力学模型公式对进一步的自动控制问题进行了探讨，为系统的控制提供了理论指导。

Because the half-tracked air-cushion vehicle is driving on the bad soil conditions, especially on the soft and wavy terrain, the driving state parameters will change and deviate from the optimum state values.

由于半履带式气垫车工作环境恶劣，特别是路面起伏大，土壤较软等，同时可能会受到各种严重干扰，引起状态参数发生改变，而远离最佳工作状态。

The optimum synthetical conditions were: the materials ratio was 1∶3,airless temperature rising to 140 ℃ for 4 h.

合成产品性能的最佳条件是：原料配比为1∶2，在隔绝空气的条件下，升温至140℃左右，反应时间4 h。

The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions are as follows: fermentation time 4 days, inoculum size of yeast 2% and addition of amylaceumq 8%, the alcoholicity in fermentation broth 5.33%.

在单因素试验的基础上，用正交试验对五味子发酵工艺条件进行筛选，得出最优发酵条件为：发酵时间为4d，酵母菌接种量为0.2%，葡萄糖加入量为8%，发酵原液酒精度达到5.33%。

The effects of the water dosage, pH value and alkalify mode in the preparation process on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were examined, and the optimum preparation conditions were also determined by orthogonal design.

制备过程中的加水量、pH值和加碱方式对TiO2光催化活性有影响，通过正交实验确定了TiO2的最优的制备条件。

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