首页资讯减肥自然疗法(2)

减肥自然疗法(2)

来源：泰然健康网时间：2024年12月14日 06:49

减肥自然疗法

丙酮酸盐 (Pyruvate)：丙酮酸盐为机体提供丙酮酸，丙酮酸是一种天然化合物，在机体产生和利用能量方面起着重要的作用。理论上讲，摄入丙酮酸盐可能增加机体的新陈代谢，特别是脂肪代谢。总人数接近150人的一些小规模研究发现丙酮酸盐或者其类似物DHAP（磷酸二羟丙酮）有助于降低体重和改善机体成分组成。比如，一项历时6周的双盲试验中，51人被分为三组：丙酮酸盐组（每天6g）、安慰剂组、未治疗组。所有人均参加同一项运动方案。6周后研究人员发现：丙酮酸盐组脂肪减少了2.6kg，体脂含量下降2.6%，肌肉组织明显增多（1.5kg），而安慰剂组和未治疗组没有明显的变化。另一项有趣的安慰剂对照研究评估了DHAP对于减肥后对增加热量摄入的控制效果。3周时间里，70名严重超重的女性作为住院病人被严格控制饮食，3周后体重下降约3.8kg。之后她们被给予了高热量饮食。同时，其中接近一半女性每天同时服用15g丙酮酸盐和75g磷酸二羟丙酮，而另一半同时服用安慰剂。结果发现经过三周的增重饮食后，接受治疗的成员只增胖了1.8kg，而安慰剂组则增加了2.7kg。这可能是因为丙酮酸盐能够特异性的阻断脂肪积累的缘故。虽然所有的这些研究结果都很令人感兴趣，但是我们还需要更大规模的研究来证实丙酮酸盐确能够降低体重。

丙酮酸盐

膳食纤维 (Fiber)：膳食纤维对于多种肠道功能（比如消化和废物排出）十分重要，并且有轻度的降脂效果。它也可能有助于减低体重，这有可能是因为其能够使胃填充，产生一种饱胀感，并且只提供很少或不提供热量。另外一个可能的原因是纤维还可能干扰脂肪的吸收。纤维有两种类型：可溶性纤维和不可溶性纤维。可溶性纤维富含于亚麻籽，苹果和燕麦麸。其他大多数的植物类食品均含有不可溶性纤维。一些双盲研究对纤维辅食降低体重方面进行了评估。结果略有出入，但总体上表明某些种类的纤维可以轻度的促进体重下降。在其中的一项双盲研究中，97名轻度超重的女性被给予了严格的低热量饮食11周，饮食中还包含了安慰剂或一种不可溶解纤维（每天三次，每次2.3g）。结果安慰剂组平均体重降低了3.1kg，而膳食纤维组降低了近5kg。与安慰剂组相比，膳食纤维组的成员较少出现饥饿感。在接下来的16周时间中，他们的饮食被改为高热量饮食。正如预期，在此期间参加者体重有所回升。虽然如此，在第16周末时，膳食纤维组仍然比试验开始时平均轻了3.6kg，而安慰剂组只轻了2.7kg。注意：纤维辅食必须与水一同进食，否则其可能阻塞消化道。即使合理的服用，也可能出现轻微的胃肠道副作用，比如胀气、腹胀。

膳食纤维

参考文献

Stanko RT, Reynolds HR, Hoyson R, et al. Pyruvate supplementation of a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet: effects on plasma lipid concentrations and body composition in hyperlipidemic patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:423-427. Stanko RT, Tietze DL, Arch JE. Body composition, energy utilization, and nitrogen metabolism with a 4.25-MJ/d low-energy diet supplemented with pyruvate. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56:630-635. Stanko RT, Arch JE. Inhibition of regain in body weight and fat with addition of 3-carbon compounds to the diet with hyperenergetic refeeding after weight reduction. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996;20:925-930. Stanko RT, Tietze DL, Arch JE. Body composition, energy utilization, and nitrogen metabolism with a severely restricted diet supplemented with dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:771-772. Kalman D, Colker CM, Wilets I, et al. The effects of pyruvate supplementation on body composition in overweight individuals. Nutrition. 1999;15:337-340. Ryttig KR, Tellnes G, Haegh L, et al. A dietary fibre supplement and weight maintenance after weight reduction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled long-term trial. Int J Obes. 1989;13:165-171. Ceci F, Cangiano C, Cairella M, et al. The effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese adult female subjects. J Neural Transm. 1989;76:109-117. Cangiano C, Ceci F, Cairella M, et al. Effects of 5-Hydroxytryptophan on eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991;294:591-593. Cangiano C, Laviano A, Del Ben M, et al. Effects of oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on energy intake and macronutrient selection in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998;22:648-654. Astrup A, Breum L, Toubro S, et al. The effect and safety of an ephedrine/caffeine compound compared to ephedrine, caffeine and placebo in obese subjects on an energy restricted diet. A double-blind trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992;16:269-277. Molnar D, Torok K, Erhardt E, et al. Safety and efficacy of treatment with an ephedrine/caffeine mixture. The first double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:1573-1578. Breum L, Pedersen JK, Aglstrom, et al. Comparison of an ephedrine/caffeine combination and dexfenfluramine in the treatment of obesity. A double-blind multi-centre trial in general practice. Int Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1994;18:99-103. Boozer CN, Nasser JA, Heymsfield SB, et al. An herbal supplement containing Ma Huang-Guarana for weight loss: a randomized, double-blind trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25:316-324. Norregaard J, Jorgensen S, Mikkelsen KL, et al. The effect of ephedrine plus caffeine on smoking cessation and postcessation weight gain. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996;60:679-686. Astrup A, Breum L, Toubro S. Pharmacological and clinical studies of ephedrine and other thermogenic agonists. Obes Res. 1995;3:537S-540S. Nagao T, Watanabe H, Goto N, et al. Dietary diacylglycerol suppresses accumulation of body fat compared to triacylglycerol in men in a double-blind controlled trial. J Nutr. 2000;130:792-797. Kalman D, Colker CM, Stark S, et al. Effect of pyruvate supplementation on body composition and mood. Curr Ther Res. 1998;59:793-802. Boozer CN, Daly PA, Homel P, et al. Herbal ephedra/caffeine for weight loss: a 6-month randomized safety and efficacy trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:593-604. Pittler MH, Stevinson C, Ernst E. Chromium picolinate for reducing body weight: Meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:522-529. Maki KC, Davidson MH, Tsushima R, et al. Consumption of diacylglycerol oil as part of a reduced-energy diet enhances loss of body weight and fat in comparison with consumption of a triacylglycerol control oil. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:1230-1236. Coffey CS, Steiner D, Baker BA, et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of a product containing ephedrine, caffeine, and other ingredients from herbal sources for treatment of overweight and obesity in the absence of lifestyle treatment. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print] Yasunaga K, Glinsmann WH, Seo Y, et al. Safety aspects regarding the consumption of high-dose dietary diacylglycerol oil in men and women in a double-blind controlled trial in comparison with consumption of a triacylglycerol control oil. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004;42:1419-1429. Li D, Xu T, Takase H, et al. Diacylglycerol-induced improvement of whole-body insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A long-term randomized, double-blind controlled study. Clin Nutr. 2008 Feb 29. 疾病引起的消瘦间歇性跛行

最后修改日期 : 2018-3-7

减肥自然疗法(2)