轮作种植制度的生态经济效益分析及发展建议

摘要：

在集约化种植和经济效益的驱动下,连作在中国已经成了较为普遍的种植模式,即年复一年地在田间种植单一作物。长期的连作导致了病虫害严重、产量低下、土壤健康状况降低等诸多问题。轮作是有效解决连作障碍的方法之一,在国家粮食安全、生态环境发展以及乡村振兴等战略实施中有着至关重要的作用。本研究通过文献检索,利用对比分析法,进行文献综述,阐述相比于连作,轮作所带来的经济效益与生态效益,并且通过国内外相关轮作制度的对比,为中国轮作产业的发展提供建议。结果显示,相比于连作,轮作在经济与生态方面都有着很高的效益。同时通过对比发现,中国目前的轮作体系与国外在指导思路、推广机制、补贴方式与监管措施上均有差异,在轮作发展过程中,中国仍存在诸多问题。结合国外的相关轮作经验,中国应该着手于制定科学的轮作计划、发展轮作的配套技术（如保护性耕作、覆盖作物、节水灌溉等）、加强轮作相关的宣传与推广、精准落实轮作政策同时按时进行轮作的合理评估与政策调整,进而完善中国的轮作体系,这对于在国内大规模开展轮作种植具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 轮作, 经济效益, 生态效益, 土壤健康, 政策建议

Abstract:

Driven by intensive planting and economic benefits, continuous cropping, planting a single crop in the field year after year, has become a common planting mode in China. Long-term continuous cropping has caused many problems, including serious pests and diseases, low yields, and deteriorating soil health. Crop rotation is one of the effective solutions to continuous cropping obstacles and plays a crucial role in the implementation of national strategies such as food security, ecological environment development, and rural revitalization. The paper expounded on the economic and ecological benefits of crop rotation compared with continuous cropping through literature review, and provided suggestions for developing China’s crop rotation based on the comparison of domestic and foreign crop rotation systems. The results show that compared with continuous cropping, crop rotation has higher economic and ecological benefits. Also, it is found that China’s current crop rotation system differs from foreign countries in terms of guidance, promotion mechanisms, subsidy methods, and regulatory measures, and there are still many problems in the development process of crop rotation in China. Combining with the experiences of foreign crop rotation, this paper proposes that we should formulate scientific crop rotation plans, develop crop rotation techniques (conservation tillage, cover crops, water-saving irrigation, and etc.), strengthen the promotion of crop rotation, accurately implement the crop rotation policy, and timely carry out reasonable evaluation and policy adjustments, which have a guiding significance for the large-scale development of crop rotation in China.

Key words: crop rotation, economic benefit, ecological benefit, soil health, policy suggestion

中图分类号: 

F3

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