中国少数民族学生贫血现况及其与营养状况的关联研究.pdf

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中国少数民族学生贫血现况及其与营养状况的关联研究.pdf

北京大学学报(医学版
JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY(HEALTH SCIENCES)Vol48 No.3 Jun. 2016
429
论著
中国少数民族学生贫血现况及其与营养状况的
关联研究
宋逸,张冰,胡佩瑾,马军≌
(北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼与儿童青少年卫生学系,北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京100191)
摘要]目的:分析我国少数民族学生的贫血现况及其程度的构成比,并研究贫血与营养状况之间的关系,为少
数民族学生贫血防治提供依据。方法:选取2010年全国学生体质与健康调研中蒙古族、回族、壮族和朝鲜族7、9、
12、14和17岁年龄组学生,利用世界卫生组织( World Health Organization,WHO)2011年标准筛查贫血,以“轻度
“中度”、“重度”分析构成比,使用WHO男、女生年龄别体重指数( body mass index,BMI)z评分标准判定学生营养
状况, Logistic回归分析贫血与营养状况之间的关系。結:我国蒙古族、回族、壮族、朝鲜族4个少数民族学生贫
血率分别为4.4%、26.4%、6.6%和5.8%,其中,乡村女生贫血检出率均为最高,分别为4.8%、42.0%、9.0%和
6.7%。少数民族学生大部分属于轻度贫血,蒙古族、回族、壮族、朝鲜族学生重度贫血检出率分别为1.4%
12.9%、1.6%和1.9%。 Logistic回归分析结果显示,女生、乡村学生、12岁和17岁学生、回族、壮族和朝鲜族学生
相对于男生、城市学生、7岁年龄组学生和蒙古族学生更易发生贫血;相对于正常学生,超重学生更不易发生贫血,
消瘦或肥胖与贫血之间关联无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:不同民族学生贫血流行程度不同,回族学生贫血已
达到“中度流行”;应对该民族和乡村地区少数民族,尤其是少数民族女生进行贫血的重点防治;少数民族学生中不
同营养状况与贫血之间无显著关联,因此学生营养状况不能作为区分贫血与否的依据。
关鍵词]少数民族;贫血;营养状况;学生
[中图分类号]R153.1「文献标志码]A「文章编号]1671-167X(2016)03-042907
doi:10.3969/j.isn.1671-167X.2016.03.010
Prevalence of anemia and its association with nutritional status among Chinese
students of ethnic minorities in 2010
SONG Yi, ZHANG Bing, HU Pei-jin, MA Jun
(Department of Child, Adolescent and Womens Health, Peking University School of Public Health; Institute of Child and
Adolescent Health of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence of anemia and its proportions of severity, and to exa
mine the association between anemia and nutritional status among Chinese students of ethnic minorities,
so as to provide bases for the prevention and treatment of anemia. Methods: The subjects were
huang and Korean students aged 7, 9, 12, 14 and 17 years, sampled from the 2010 Chinese
National Surveys on Students ' Constitution and Health. World Health Organization(WHO )criteria for
screening anemia (2001 was used, and the proportion rates of mild, moderate and severe were ana
lyzed. The nutritional status was defined according to the growth references of body mass index(BMI)
for-age z-score for 5-19 years developed by the WHO. Stepwise Logistic regression was used to assess
the association between anemia and nutritional status, gender, urban/rural area
age and ethnic minor
ties. Results: The prevalences of anemia were 4.4%o, 26.4%, 6.6% and 5.8%o in Mongolian, Hui
Zhuang and Korean students, respectively, of whom, the prevalence of anemia was highest in rural girls
and reached 4.8%, 42.0%, 9.0% and 6.7%0, respectively. Most of the ethnic minorities'students
belonged to mild anemia, and the prevalence of severe anemia was 1.4%0, 12.9%, 1.6%o and 1.9% in
Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang and Korean students, respectively. Stepwise Logistic regression showed that the
girls, rural students, students aged 12 years and 17 years, Hui, Zhuang and Korean students were more
likely to develop anemia than the boys, urban students, students aged 7 years and Mongolian students
The overweight students were less likely to develop anemia compared with the
e norma s
was no significant association between anemia and thinness or obesity when the other factors were con-
trolled (P>0.05) Conclusion The epidemic of anemia was if erent in the different ethnic minorities
and the prevalence of anemia in Hui students was of moderate public health concern according to

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