2020年高考英语全国一卷阅读理解C解析

真题呈现

C

【1】Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

【2】Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

【3】Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

【4】However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

【5】As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

A. They must run long distances.

B. They are qualified for the marathon.

C. They have to follow special rules.

D. They are good at swinging their legs.

29. What advantage does race walking have over running?

A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.

B. It’s less challenging physically.

C. It’s more effective in body building.

D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

A. Getting experts’ opinions.

B. Having a medical checkup.

C. Hiring an experienced coach.

D. Doing regular exercises.

31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

A. Skeptical.

B. Objective.

C. Tolerant.

D. Conservative.

答案及解析

本文为说明文，介绍竞走这项运动，人与自我——健康的生活方式。文章将竞走与跑步进行比较，主要介绍了竞走的基本动作要领、对竞走者的体能要求及身体的冲击力，并给想要尝试竞走的人提出了建议。

28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

为什么竞走运动员是受条件的限制的？

A. They must run long distances.

他们必须跑很长的距离。

B. They are qualified for the marathon.

他们有资格参加马拉松比赛。

C. They have to follow special rules.

他们必须遵守特殊规则。

D. They are good at swinging their legs.

他们擅长摆动他们的腿。

细节理解题，根据题干中的conditioned athletes可定位到文中第二段But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times（这项运动要求运动员摆腿时不能弯曲膝盖，同时比赛过程中要保持一只脚不能离地）。说明竞走运动员时要遵守该比赛的这些特殊规则的。所以答案为C。

29. What advantage does race walking have over running?

竞走比跑步有什么优势？

A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.

它在奥运会上更受欢迎。

B. It’s less challenging physically.

身体上没那么有挑战性。

C. It’s more effective in body building.

它在健身方面更有效。

D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

它不太可能导致膝盖受伤。

细节理解题，根据题干中的advantage以及over running锁定However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says（然而，诺伯格博士说，竞走对身体的冲击没有跑步大）。因此答案为D.

30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

诺伯格博士对尝试竞走的人有什么建议？

A. Getting experts’ opinions.

征求专家的意见。

B. Having a medical checkup.

进行体检。

C. Hiring an experienced coach.

雇佣一个有经验的教练。

D. Doing regular exercises.

定期锻炼。

A细节理解题，题干中的someone trying race walking与本文In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. （她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先咨询教练或有经验的运动员，学习正确的技术。这需要一些练习）对应。此句中consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique意思是咨询教练或者有经验的运动员以学习一些恰当的技巧。所以此题选择A选项。

31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

哪个词最能描述作者对竞走的态度？

A. Skeptical. 怀疑的。

B. Objective. 可观的。

C. Tolerant. 包容的。

D. Conservative. 保守的。

态度判断题，做题时要从全文的理解。作者在本文第一段表明了竞走是一项对我们健康有利且不会对身体造成伤害的非常好的运动，但竞走也有它的需要注意的问题。在后面的行文中，作者提及了对竞走的优缺点，因此作者的态度客观理性，故选B。

词汇注解

1. fitness benefits 健身益处

2. contribute to 导致

3. conditioned athletes 受限制的运动员

4. field event 田径赛事

5. leg swing 摆腿

6. remain in contact with 保持接触

7. physically demanding 对身体要求高的

8. pound the body 对身体造成冲击

9. place considerable stress on 施以相当大的压力

10. consult a coach 咨询教练

11.calculation n. 计算；估算

12.approximately adv. 大约；近似于

13.most likely很大可能

14.assistant adj.助理的，副的

15.adopt v.采取，采用

真题译文

研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身的好处，而且很可能减少受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。

竞走运动员是受条件限制的。夏季奥运会最长的田径项目是50公里竞走，比马拉松大约长5英里。但是这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在大部分的腿部摆动中保持笔直，并且一只脚始终保持与地面接触。不过，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学(Salem State University)运动科学助理教授贾克琳诺伯格(Jaclyn Norberg)说，正是这种奇怪的形式让竞走成为一项如此吸引人的活动。

她说，像跑步一样，竞走对身体要求很高。根据大多数计算，以每小时6英里的速度运动的竞走者将消耗大约800卡路里每小时，这大约是步行消耗的两倍，尽管比跑步少，跑步每小时可能消耗大约1000或更多的卡路里。

然而，诺伯格博士说，竞走对身体的冲击没有跑步大。根据她的研究，跑步者每一步落地的重量是他们体重的四倍，而不离开地面的竞走者每一步只能产生大约1.4倍的体重。

因此，她说，一些与跑步相关的损伤，如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。但是这项运动奇怪的形式确实给脚踝和臀部带来了相当大的压力，所以有过这种损伤史的人在采用这项运动时可能要小心。她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先咨询教练或有经验的运动员，学习正确的技术。这需要一些练习。

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