2023年广东省成年人自评健康状况及影响因素分析

摘要： 目的 探讨2023年广东省成年人社会人口学特征、生活方式及客观健康状况对自评健康的影响,为优化公共卫生政策提供依据。方法 基于广东省居民慢性病及危险因素监测数据,采用多因素logistic回归分析自评健康的影响因素。结果 共纳入有效研究对象8 841人,其中男性3 725人（52.8%）,女性5 116人（47.2%）,平均年龄为（43.1±15.9）岁。广东省18岁及以上居民自评健康率达49.0%（4 110人）。单因素分析表明,年龄、文化程度、工作属性、高血压及糖尿病与自评健康显著相关（均P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,高血压（OR=1.752）和糖尿病（OR=1.613）是自评健康的危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论 广东省成年人自评健康尚有待提升,慢性病（高血压、糖尿病为主要负向影响因素,建议通过强化慢性病管理、完善社区健康服务及教育以优化居民健康,为慢性病防控提供科学依据。

关键词: 广东省, 自评健康, 社会人口学特征, 生活方式, 慢性病

Abstract: Objective To investigate the influence of sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and objective health conditions on the self-rated health of adults in Guangdong Province in 2023, thereby providing an evidence base for the optimization of public health policies. Methods Utilizing data from the Guangdong Provincial Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants of self-rated health. Results A total of 8 841 valid participants were included in the analysis, comprising 3 725 males (52.8%) and 5 116 females (47.2%), with a mean age of (43.1±15.9) years. The prevalence of positive self-rated health among residents aged 18 and above in Guangdong Province was 49.0% (n=4 110). Univariate analysis indicated a significant association between self-rated health and age, educational attainment, employment status, hypertension, and diabetes (all P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension (OR=1.752) and diabetes (OR=1.613) were significant risk factors for poorer self-rated health (both P<0.05). Conclusion The self-rated health status of adults in Guangdong Province requires improvement. Chronic diseases, specifically hypertension and diabetes, were identified as the primary negative influencing factors. It is recommended that resident health be enhanced through the reinforcement of chronic disease management, the improvement of community health services, and the promotion of health education, thus providing a scientific basis for chronic disease prevention and control.

Key words: Guangdong Province, Self-rated health, Sociodemographic characteristics, Lifestyle, Chronic diseases

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