1分钟营养知识：糖和糖替代品（看英语学健康营养知识）

SUGARS & SUGAR SUBSTITUTES

Sweet foods and drinks are perceived as pleasant and highly desirable by the majority of people.

甜味食品和饮料被大多数人认为是令人愉快的食品。

In evolutionary terms, this preference was a survival benefit, as it enabled carbohydrate-rich foods, such as fruit, to be identified and consumed,

providing a metabolic substrate for the brain.

从进化的角度来看，这种偏好有利于生存，因为甜味能使人们能够识别和食用水果等富含碳水化合物的食物，并为大脑提供代谢基质。

Unfortunately, the desirability of sweet foods can lead to overconsumption of sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose) in food and drinks, which in turn can increase the risk of tooth decay, unintentional overconsumption of energy and weight gain.

但是，人们对甜食的偏爱，会导致食品和饮料中糖（葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖）的摄入过量，进而增加蛀牙、能量过剩体重增加的风险。

While carbohydrate intake is an essential component of the diet, there is no dietary requirement for sugars, as all of the glucose needed by the brain and other tissues

can come from starch.

尽管碳水化合物的摄入是饮食的重要组成部分，但糖并非膳食必需，因为大脑和其他组织所需的所有葡萄糖都可以来自淀粉。

Reducing the sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup content of the diet

is challenging if sweet foods and drinks, or products such as cakes and biscuits (in which sucrose has a functional role), are consumed, and so sugar substitutes have to be considered.

当摄入了含有蔗糖功能性成分的甜食和饮料，或者像蛋糕和饼干这样的产品时，降低蔗糖或高果糖玉米糖浆，在饮食中的含量是具有挑战性的。因此，不得不考虑使用糖替代品。

The replacement of sweetness can be achieved with non-nutritive sweeteners, and reports have shown the safety of these compounds.

甜味的替代可以通过非营养性甜味剂实现，有报告显示这些化合物的安全性。

Replacing the bulk function has not yet been achieved satisfactorily.

替代体积功能目前尚未令人满意地实现。

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