首页资讯社区开放空间视听感知对老年人恢复体验的跨模态补偿潜力

社区开放空间视听感知对老年人恢复体验的跨模态补偿潜力

来源：泰然健康网时间：2026年03月03日 08:05

摘要:

单感官模态处理信息的敏锐度通常会随着年龄的增长而下降, 本研究旨在探究当老年人某一感官出现不适时, 是否可以通过其他感官来代替补偿, 提升恢复体验。在天津市10个典型社区开放空间对老年人进行实地问卷调查, 揭示社区开放空间视听感知因素与老年人恢复体验的关系, 并探究视听感官的跨模态补偿潜力。分层回归结果显示, 视听环境感知维度在解释老年人恢复体验的差异上贡献较大; 活动空间和水景对恢复性有显著的正向预测作用, 而成人声和儿童声的负向预测作用在视景质量低的空间中更显著。更重要的是, 研究发现了视听感官对恢复体验的跨模态感官补偿潜力, 尤其是在情绪改善和行为支持方面。当声景质量较低时, 增加活动空间可从视觉上进行补偿, 提升恢复体验; 当视景质量较低时, 增加鸟鸣和音乐可从听觉上进行补偿, 提升恢复体验。该结果为提升老年人健康效益的感官补偿设计提供了理论参考。

Abstract:

It is known that there is a general decline in processing speed of a single sensory modality with aging. The aim of this study is to investigate when a sensation in one modality causes discomfort, whether the restorative experience of the elderly could be improved by enhancing other sensory modalities for compensation. The study conducts a field investigation focusing on older adults in 10 representative community open spaces in Tianjin, China, to explore the relationship between audio-visual perception and restorative experience of the elderly, and further examine the potential sensory compensation effect of audio-visual interaction on their restorative experience. The results indicate that audio-visual environmental dimensions contribute considerably to the explained variance in restorative experience of the elderly. Open spaces and water features positively associate with restoration, while adults’ and children’s sounds show negative correlation with restoration in open spaces with low landscape quality. More importantly, this study suggests a potential effect of cross-modal sensory compensation on older adults’ restorative experience when one sensory dimension (auditory or visual) is not highly satisfactory, especially on mood improvement and behavior support. When the soundscape quality is low, increasing open spaces can visually compensate and improve the restorative experience. When the landscape quality is low, adding birdsong and music can compensate from the auditory sense and improve the restorative experience. These findings provide valuable theoretical reference for the effect of sensory compensation on the elderly.

图 1 研究场地位置及空间环境照片示例

图 2 老年人对社区开放空间视听元素的感知 (a)视觉元素; (b)声源

图 3 视听感知因素与恢复体验的相关性结果

图 4 研究场地分类(类型一: 视声俱佳; 类型二: 视优声劣; 类型三: 声优视劣; 类型四: 视声均差)

图 5 不同场地类型恢复性差异(n.s: 无显著差异, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001) (a) 总恢复性; (b) 情绪; (c) 行为; (d) 认知

图 6 不同场地类型下视听元素与恢复性的关系

图 7 不同空间类型下恢复体验的性别差异

表 1 短版修订恢复量表

恢复性维度描述性语句情绪我感到很愉悦我感到很放松认知我对这里的环境很感兴趣这里的环境能吸引我的注意力行为我愿意经常来这里我愿意在这里长时间停留生理在这里我感到呼吸加快在这里让我手心出汗

表 2 受访者基本信息

数量百分比性别男 225 44% 女 284 56% 年龄 60~69 156 31% 70~79 255 51% ≥ 80 98 18% 心理健康状况较差 120 22% 良好 389 78% 身体健康状况较差 136 26% 良好 373 74% 外出活动频率 1~2 次/周 150 29% 3~5 次/周 235 46% > 5 次/周 124 25%

表 3 视听环境感知因子分析结果

视觉环境感知维度声环境感知维度空间/舒适性56.33% 自然性18.10% 丰富性15.27% 放松性59.70% 生动性22.35% 干净整洁 0.864 0.258 0.088 宁静平和 0.934 -0.113 空间开敞 0.835 0.126 0.277 和谐 0.930 -0.003 和谐 0.906 0.192 0.147 愉悦 0.934 0.137 愉悦 0.915 0.290 0.113 舒适 0.940 0.107 舒适 0.915 0.293 0.105 吸引人 0.783 0.446 吸引人 0.677 0.516 0.369 自然 0.809 0.203 自然 0.280 0.943 0.034 充满活力 0.033 0.888 丰富 0.170 0.055 0.977 丰富 0.106 0.846 KMO = 0.864, Bartlett球形度检验 p < 0.01 KMO = 0.816, Bartlett球形度检验 p < 0.01

表 4 视听感知因素与恢复性关系的分层线性回归结果

自变量未标准化系数标准化系数 t 显著性容差 VIF (常量) 3.191 — 17.181 0.000 — 个人因素性别 −0.096 −0.068 −3.433 0.001 0.941 1.063 心理健康状况 0.083 0.064 2.158 0.032 0.426 2.349 外出活动频率 0.060 0.080 3.459 0.001 0.702 1.424 R2 变化量 0.230 视景感知维度空间/舒适性 0.299 0.444 11.917 0.000 0.270 3.706 丰富性 0.137 0.205 8.410 0.000 0.629 1.591 自然性 0.093 0.135 6.126 0.000 0.772 1.295 声景感知维度放松性 0.266 0.424 15.403 0.000 0.494 2.025 生动性 0.114 0.164 6.840 0.000 0.648 1.543 R2 变化量 0.616 视听元素儿童声 −0.052 −0.092 −3.887 0.000 0.667 1.499 水景 0.059 0.094 3.760 0.000 0.600 1.667 活动空间 0.064 0.078 2.329 0.020 0.330 3.029 R2 变化量: 0.013 最终模型: R2 = 0.860, 调整后 R2 = 0.855 [1]

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